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Node.js High Level Coding Interview Question #4Technology: Node.js Coding Task: Build a file upload system. Requirements: - Write clean and scalable code - Explain project archit…
What are microservices?
Explain this in detail with practical examples.
Microservices are a software architecture style where an application is built as a collection of small, independent services. Each service is responsible for a specific business function and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.
Instead of building one large application (called a monolith), microservices divide the application into smaller modules that communicate with each other through APIs.
In a monolithic application, everything is part of one codebase:
All components are tightly connected.
Example:
An e-commerce website has:
All features exist in a single application.
In microservices, each feature becomes a separate service.
For an e-commerce platform:
Handles:
Handles:
Handles:
Handles:
Handles:
Each service has its own database and business logic.
Microservices communicate using APIs.
Example:
Customer places an order.
Flow:
All services work independently but cooperate through APIs.
Imagine building a food delivery platform like Swiggy or Zomato.
Responsibilities:
Database:
Responsibilities:
Database:
Responsibilities:
Database:
Responsibilities:
Database:
Responsibilities:
Database:
Responsibilities:
Database:
Each team can work on its own service independently.
Netflix was originally monolithic.
As millions of users joined, scaling became difficult.
Netflix broke its platform into hundreds of microservices such as:
This allows Netflix to scale specific services based on demand.
Amazon is one of the biggest adopters of microservices.
Services include:
Each service operates independently.
Uber uses microservices for:
This architecture supports millions of rides daily.
Different teams can work on different services.
Example:
No interference.
A service can be updated without deploying the entire application.
Example: Updating the Payment Service does not affect User Service.
Only busy services need scaling.
Example: During sales:
Only Product Service is scaled.
This saves infrastructure costs.
Different services can use different technologies.
Example:
User Service:
Payment Service:
Recommendation Service:
All communicate via APIs.
If one service fails, others can continue working.
Example:
Notification Service crashes.
Users can still:
Only notifications stop temporarily.
Managing multiple services is harder than managing one application.
Services communicate over networks.
Network failures can affect performance.
Each service may have its own database.
Maintaining consistent data becomes challenging.
Hundreds of services generate logs and metrics.
Special monitoring tools are required.
Examples:
Every API endpoint must be secured.
Common approaches:
As HelloEngineers grows, microservices can help scale the platform.
Possible services:
Each service can be developed and scaled independently, making the platform more maintainable as the user base grows.
Microservices are a modern architectural approach where applications are divided into small, independent services that focus on a single business function.
They provide:
However, they also introduce complexity and require proper infrastructure, monitoring, and DevOps practices.
For startups, a monolithic architecture is often sufficient initially. As the platform grows and different modules require independent scaling, transitioning to microservices becomes a powerful way to support millions of users and rapid feature development.
Priyanshu Mishra1mo agoSign in to post an answer
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